پھیپھڑوں کے کینسر سے کیسے بچیں۔۔

پھیپھڑوں کے کینسر کی وجوہات

پھیپھڑوں کا کینسر زیادہ تر پھیپھڑوں کے خلیات میں جینیاتی تبدیلیوں کی وجہ سے ہوتا ہے، جو خلیات کی بے قابو نشوونما کا باعث بنتی ہیں۔ اس کی اہم وجوہات درج ذیل ہیں:

1. تمباکو نوشی

تمباکو کے دھوئیں میں کارسینوجنز (کینسر پیدا کرنے والے مادے) جیسے ٹار، بینزین، اور فارملڈیہائیڈ موجود ہوتے ہیں۔

تمباکو نوشی پھیپھڑوں کے کینسر کی سب سے بڑی وجہ ہے اور تقریباً 85% کیسز کی ذمہ دار ہے۔

2. غیر فعال تمباکو نوشی (دوسروں کے دھوئیں کا سامنا)

دوسروں کے دھوئیں کا مسلسل سامنا، خاص طور پر بند جگہوں پر، غیر تمباکو نوش افراد کے لیے بھی خطرناک ہے۔

3. ریڈون گیس

ریڈون ایک ریڈیو ایکٹیو گیس ہے جو زمین سے گھروں یا عمارتوں میں داخل ہو سکتی ہے۔

اس گیس کا طویل عرصے تک سامنا پھیپھڑوں کے کینسر کا خطرہ بڑھا دیتا ہے۔

4. ایسبیسٹوس

ایسبیسٹوس کے ریشے سانس کے ذریعے پھیپھڑوں میں جا سکتے ہیں، خاص طور پر تعمیراتی اور شپ بلڈنگ کی صنعتوں میں کام کرنے والے افراد کے لیے۔

5. فضائی آلودگی

فضائی آلودگی، خاص طور پر باریک ذرات (PM2.5)، کینسر کے امکانات میں اضافہ کر سکتی ہے۔

6. جینیاتی عوامل

اگر خاندان میں پھیپھڑوں کے کینسر کی تاریخ ہو تو خطرہ زیادہ ہو سکتا ہے۔

7. پیشہ ورانہ خطرات

آرسینک، کرومیم، یا ڈیزل کے دھوئیں جیسے کارسینوجنز کا سامنا خطرے کو بڑھا سکتا ہے۔

8. ریڈی ایشن تھراپی

سینے کے حصے میں پہلے کی گئی ریڈی ایشن تھراپی کینسر کا خطرہ بڑھا سکتی ہے۔

Free Lung Cancer Screening ....

Lung cancer can change over time in ways that affect how it behaves, spreads, and responds to treatment. Here's a simpler explanation:

1. Type Changes:

Sometimes lung cancer can shift from one type to another. For example, it may start as one type (non-small cell lung cancer) and later behave like another (small cell lung cancer).

2. Genetic Changes:

Cancer cells can change their genes, which may make treatments like targeted drugs stop working. They may also find new ways to grow or resist medicine.

3. Spreading Patterns:

Over time, lung cancer may spread to new organs, like the brain, bones, or liver, which can make the disease more complex to treat.

4. Treatment Resistance:

Treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy might work at first but become less effective as the cancer adapts and finds ways to survive.

5. Behavior Changes:

Cancer can become more aggressive, grow faster, or become harder to detect by “hiding” from the immune system.

6. Patient Factors:

Lifestyle factors, like continuing to smoke or being exposed to pollution, can cause new mutations in the cancer, making it worse over time.

How to Stay Ahead:

Regular Check-Ups: If you’re undergoing treatment, regular scans and tests can detect changes in the cancer.

Lifestyle Changes: Quitting smoking and avoiding harmful exposures can slow cancer progression.

Personalized Treatment: Doctors may adjust your treatment based on how your cancer evolves.

Understanding these changes helps doctors offer the best care possible, even if the cancer’s behavior shifts.

Free Lung Cancer Screening Month...

Global cancer burden growing, amidst mounting need for services.

In 2022, there were an estimated 20 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million deaths. The estimated number of people who were alive within 5 years following a cancer diagnosis was 53.5 million. About 1 in 5 people develop cancer in their lifetime, approximately 1 in 9 men and 1 in 12 women die from the disease.

The global WHO survey on UHC and cancer shows that only 39% of participating countries covered the basics of cancer management as part of their financed core health services for all citizens, ‘health benefit packages’ (HBP). Only 28% of participating countries additionally covered care for people who require palliative care, including pain relief in general, and not just linked to cancer.

Lung Cancer due to smoking of others...

The incidence of lung cancer related to passive smoking (secondhand smoke exposure) is a well-documented public health concern. Key points include:

General Risk:

Increased Risk: Passive smoking increases the risk of lung cancer in nonsmokers by 20-30%, according to studies by the U.S. Surgeon General and the World Health Organization (WHO).

Exposure: Long-term exposure to secondhand smoke (e.g., from living with a smoker) is a significant risk factor.

Statistics:

The American Cancer Society estimates that in the U.S., around 7,000 deaths annually from lung cancer are attributed to secondhand smoke exposure.

Globally, passive smoking accounts for approximately 21,400 lung cancer deaths per year, as reported by the WHO.

Mechanism:

Secondhand smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, including at least 70 known carcinogens like benzene, formaldehyde, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

These carcinogens can damage lung tissue and DNA, promoting cancerous growths.

Susceptibility:

Women and children are often disproportionately affected due to higher exposure in homes or social settings.

Workplace exposure, especially in poorly ventilated environments, also contributes to risk.

Preventive Measures:

1. Implementing smoke-free policies in public and private spaces.

2. Educating the public about the dangers of secondhand smoke.

3. Encouraging smoking cessation among active smokers to reduce exposure.